Plays ICT INFORMATION-COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY significant role and important in the aspects of daily life are all in general and education in particular, has emerged many educational institutions that have adopted the use of such technology as arguments tanker in the process of educational communication; because they help to find practical learning effective and increase the role of learning in it. This has led to the emergence of new concepts in the world of education such as: e-learning, education mediated by the Internet, e-book, Virtual University, the library electronic and other electronic media that help the learner to learn at the place where he wants and in the time that he fit in and preferences without the obligation to come to the halls teaching at specific times. The availability of these new technologies in educational institutions, a process based on the use of integrated design education began, and termed different names was the most the concept of "e-learning e-Learning."
Definition:
Attempts and interpretations which ruled the definition of the term "e-learning" on the identification of a comprehensive and precise concept of him; they considered this term from different angles and multiple concerns not collected. So we will try to provide different visions of the term and then provide a definition for it.
He knows Ghuloom (2002), e-learning as "an educational system that uses computer networks and information technology to strengthen the educational process ranges and expanded through a range of media, including: computers, the Internet, electronic and software."
And you know Almberek (2002) as "the kind of learning based on the use of the World Wide Information Network (www)".
And he knew Moosa (2002) as "a way of learning by using modern communication mechanisms of a computer, and its networks, multiple Osaith."
As it defined by Salem (2004) as "the educational system to provide educational or training programs for learners or trainees at any time and at any place, using interactive information and communication technologies; to provide a learning environment for interactive learning multiple sources."
The definition of "the American Society for Training and Development" American Society for Training and Development (ASTD)
E-learning, it was: "E-learning includes a wide range of applications and processes such as the use of the Web as a basis for learning, and the computer as a basis for learning, virtual classrooms, and digital collaboration. You can also transfer content through the Internet, and tapes voice and image, broadcast via satellite, interactive TV, and CD-ROMs.
Procedural definition:
The procedural definition of e-learning, it is: "a wide range of processes and applications that rely on a variety of electronic media in the delivery of content is either sync or asynchronously, with the presence of interaction to provide a learning environment for success."
From the above definitions of e-learning, it can be noted that:
1. scheme system and a well designed systems based on the trend.
2. cares elements of educational programs and all of its components.
3. relies on the use of interactive electronic media, including interactive video, video conferencing Video Conference.
4. cares educational programs and programs are all training.
5. It is a learning patterns remotely when the asynchronous manner
6. or synchronized manner, with a permanent or semi-permanent separation between the learner and the teacher. It can be synchronized manner in the classroom and the presence of the teacher as well.
7. E-learning supports self-learning and continuous learning principle for life, also supports the principle of cooperative learning.
8.
E-Learning e-Learning Properties properties:
1. E-learning provides a learning environment based on fun in an interactive
Learning, the learner effort in research and investigation and cooperation.
2. The advantage of the flexibility in time and place, and to provide safety matters for the learner.
3. encourage lifelong learning at a lower cost than traditional learning, whether the aim of obtaining a degree or a recognized certification or otherwise.
4. Easy updated electronic educational material on the World Wide Web for information.
5. where the learner proceeding according to abilities and capacities of self-Pace Maker
E-learning objectives Objectives e-Learning
E-learning as any other educational system that seeks to achieve the following objectives:
1. Find an interactive learning environment between the elements of the educational system through electronic media tanker more than one direction regardless of how you define the environment and their variants.
2. Giving teachers and students skills are essential and necessary to deal with the use of technology.
3. Develop Alodoaralta carried out by both the administration and the teacher and the learner in the teaching-learning process; even
You can keep up with the ongoing scientific and technological developments.
4. Provide educational strategies to suit different age groups all; so that they are able to
Taking into account individual differences among them.
E-learning features and benefits of e-Learning Traits and Benefits
1. pattern of learning styles remotely Distance Learning, helps to provide learning opportunities for various segments of society at any time and any place according to the capabilities of the learner.
2. contribute to the development of the learner's thinking, as making it more dependent on himself and more active and continue with others, according to the philosophy of this educational style.
3. help address many of the problems Alterbuahalta including the problem of the growing numbers of students, and the problem of shortage of teachers with experience and competence, and the lack of possibilities available in the colleges of buildings and laboratories and so on and thus helps e-learning to reduce the cost of education.
4. characterized quickly and the delivery of information to the learner transport, in addition to the possibility and ease of updating information and topics on websites, and therefore easy to get continuous feedback during the learning process.
5. eliminates individual differences among learners, turning it from differences in the capacity to differences in time.
Cons of e-learning:
1. E-learning may not help the student to do the exercise non-academic activities such as social and sports activities and others.
2. High cost of e-learning, especially in the early stages of application, such as infrastructure and processing hardware and software design, communication and ongoing maintenance for it.
May cause new technologies to students some fatigue, Sitting at the computer for long periods it may be exhausted.
3. may cause concern when the learner; the presence of a defect in the design of the program.
The role of the teacher Instructor Role in e-Learning:
The teacher a major feedstock in any process of learning, but its role has become different from what it was previously, and especially in light of the information technology system, it is no longer just the carrier of information from a textbook into the minds of his disciples, but that it work for their participation positively to get the information, any provision of the outline of the educational content, directing the student to be looking for the rest of the information related to the subject from various sources using modern technological means; because the goal of the learning process is no longer just pass the tests, but it is working on building the mind and the development of mental and manual skills and scientific thinking types different.
And to complete the role of the teacher, it must change the role of cued scientific content to become a multi-roles, it may be a manager for the position of education, and designed for the educational process, and a producer of educational materials, and a guide to the learner, and denominated in the educational system assessment continues.
So, it has exceeded teachers' needs for academic preparation they became need education and also vocational preparation, especially with regard to educational development, such as the formulation of behavioral objectives, and analyze needs, identify portal behavior of the learner, and to identify students characteristics, and analysis tasks, and the use of learning resources, and the preparation and application spoken reference tests. And it, it is not essential for him to supply advanced technological science and values associated with their use, as well as his mastery of a range of practical skills in the production of means, and operation of some of the machines and devices; to be used in the education of his students.
That is why the role of the teacher in e-learning is more important and more difficult than his role in the traditional education process, it is a creative person runs a highly efficient education process under the leadership and guidance of each student continuously towards the desired knowledge and the correct destination to take advantage of the available technology. In general, it has to be done the following:
1. be aware of the characteristics and qualities of each student is studying, through constant interaction between him and his students, and to encourage interaction between the constantly requested by the outside world.
2. to work efficiently as a guide and facilitator and prompt access to the desired knowledge.
3. be used for teaching skills take into account the diverse needs of students, including the skill of positive themes, and good listening skill, skill and respect for others' opinions, etc ...
So the teacher needs to train and rehabilitate continuing to learn the best ways to achieve integration between technology and detective studied, such as using computers and the Internet, for example, on the one hand, and between the detective each other on the other hand, so that it has the ability to teach distinct and efficient skillfully High.
6 role of the learner Student Role in e-Learning
Given his e-learning from a variety of sources of knowledge, the learner to change the role of the recipient of the information to a researcher from having the following skills:
1. The use of computers and the Internet, including e-mail.
2. Self-learning.
3. Ability to search for the desired scientific article.
4. Identify the information required for the course content.
5. Evaluation of information abstracted from these sources and choose what suits them.
6. The ability to interact with others electronically.
The role of the technical staff Trephination Role in e-Learning:
Is an important technical role in e-learning, it is the person who helps the learner to overcome some of the technical issues and the process of dealing with the related devices used problems, for example, may be a specialist in the computer and on the Internet network management as well as knowledge in the software, so the technical role complementary and integral to the role of the teacher, especially since the teacher may not have had the technical skills.
Role of management Administration Role in e-Learning:
The management system of high importance, administration is responsible for laying the foundations of the learning process, and the acceptance and registration process, and follow up on the student, and the management decisions and duties, and management of testing and quality control aspects of all of the educational process, in addition to providing all the necessary services for the learner and try to remove any obstacles or potential difficulties.
Aspects of the difference between e-learning and traditional learning. It can be summarized as the difference between the two sides in the following table:
the number
e-learning
Traditional learning
1.
Student helps to be the focus of the educational process, or is the most active element.
The teacher is the foundation of the learning process or the most active element.
2.
Lack of commitment to a specific place or time (learning may be synchronized or asynchronous).
The student learns at the same time and the same place in the school classroom, any direct instruction (sync only).
3.
E-learning is learning is open to everyone and can be integrated with work.
There are more limitations on the student, in terms of attendance and attendance in lessons seven days a week, and in terms of the age of the learner (convergence in the age of the students).
4.
Be content in more than one body, for example, it may be scheduled electronically - a book electronically - a book visible, and more exciting and motivation of the student.
It provides scientific content in the form of a printed book.
5.
Freedom to continue with more student teacher, especially using different methods such as e-mail, chat rooms and other
Communication between the student and the teacher specifically, it may be time share the school office at the most and watches.
6.
The teacher's role is to assist and advise any that prompt and guide and mentor.
The teacher's role Eetmthelvi that carrier and cued to the information.
7.
Students may have to deal with colleagues in different parts of the world and with many people.
Dealing with colleagues in the classroom, school or his neighborhood.
8.
Student services are provided electronically and remotely.
Student Services offers the existence of the student (human) method.
9.
Ease of updated educational materials submitted electronically what is new.
Educational materials remain stable without change or development for many years.
10.
Taking into account individual differences among students is based on the provision of learning, according to the principle of individualized instruction.
Learning offers a full grade and explain one way that reduces individual differences into account.
E-learning model (the e-learning system components).
There are more than a form that can be applied for example, model Mansour Ghuloom (2002) consists of:
1. The scientific content of the material.
2. learning services.
3. Learning Management.
4. development and follow-up.
1. scientific content: includes electronic presentations of lessons and help with the activities of a more effective manner, and to integrate multimedia Kalmhakah direct, for example, and other presentations. This content is not placed in a make students read from a computer screen, but includes a variety Tsaibah and means of links, and the integration of vertical and horizontal in the subject with other educational topics. Also take into account the scientific content of classroom and extra-curricular activities.
2. Learning services: in order to enhance interaction and cooperation between the learner and the teacher and the learner and another learner or anyone else via E-mail or electronic E-Discussion or other discussion. Services also include an electronic library and all necessary student in the educational field electronically.
3. Learning Management: The role of management is extremely important in e-learning; being watching the performance of both the teacher and the learner, as well as the Calendar operations, and training for teachers. The Department is also responsible for providing the necessary student services for all the success and continuity of the educational process without leading to students dropping out of the educational program.
4. Development and Follow up: include the follow-up process of development and modernization of the means and the tools used and follow the continuity of educational programs successfully, and the development of the services offered to students, in addition to the training and preparation process for teachers, and any other matters related to educational programs.
Obstacles to e-learning application:
There are a range of obstacles to the application of this educational system, which varies from country to country depending on multiple variables and conditions, including, for example:
1. material cost required for any part in the e-learning system, the equipment and the design and production of software, training and communications services and the establishment of appropriate infrastructure.
2. The human factor, such as a lack of familiarity with the teachers and learners with the necessary skills to deal with the modern techniques, and lack of sufficient awareness among members of the community in this educational style or admit.
3. technical obstacles, namely related to dealing with breakdowns or sudden stop technologies for work, causing confusion for the learner and the teacher and the administration and others.
E-Learning e-Learning technologies Technology
As noted earlier, the e-learning depends on the use of multiple electronic media, whether it is done remotely or in the classroom, and the media:
1. Computer 2. Internet 3. scheduled mail
4. E-book 6. 5. video conferencing audio conferences
7. Interactive Video 8. default grade
1. Computer and E-Learning Computer & e-Learning
The use of the computer as a tool or broker education, became plays several roles in the provision of scientific material for learners in the e-learning system, and through integrated programs in terms of the formulation of objectives, content, activities, and the evaluation process and the interaction and feedback. These roles were summarized as follows:
1. Computer Based Instruction. (CBI) Computer essential means of teaching
2. Computer Assisted Instruction. (CAI) computer means to assist in teaching
3. Computer Managed Instruction. (CMI) and computer means in teaching management
4. Computer Mediated communication. (CMC) computer as a means of communication
It may be used as an educational tool to help the learner to rely on himself in learning the scientific article that progress through the educational software offers scientific content and the questions constructivism and receive answers learner and evaluation, and then provide feedback and help the teacher to provide the scientific content of the learners of different patterns, with a direct role to supervision and guidance and guidance and counseling, as well as the computer has helped to increase the interaction between the learner and the teacher on the one hand and content on the other.
There are a number of software that can be used in the formal e-learning and learning in general, including software:
1. training and practice 2. Simulation
3. Problem Solving *** 4. Multiple hypermedia
5. 6. word processing teacher tutor
7. In the field of games (scientific, recreational)
Note: *** can be seen solving problems on the CD folder - from your teaching strategies folder within a folder activities.
2. Internet Internet
Internet offers many services in all areas of life in general and in the educational process (e-learning), in particular, including the service:
1. e-mail.
2. FTP.
3. Contact a computer else.
4. World Wide Web.
5. Find information.
6. Conversation between people.
7. electronic magazines or periodicals.
8. phone calls over the Internet.
It features in the Internet in the field of e-learning, as follows:
1. Speed in delivery and access to information and access to the required data and feedback between teacher and learner.
2. Provide many opportunities to ease the isolation of the learner, and provide the freedom for him to overcome the temporal and spatial dimensions.
3. lead to increased interaction between the learner and the others.
4. conducive to innovation and creativity in the development of teachers.
3: Decision-mail e-Course, a decision, which is used in the design of activities and educational materials based on the computer, and Ho well - rich content components and interactive multimedia in the form of software on the Internet. There are several types of e-courses, including:
1. Decisions replace traditional separation replace or support the traditional season.
2. Electronic decisions on the internet and electronic decisions are not supported on the Internet. In general, the online course based on the Internet from a range of tools that enable the learner to communicate with the academic supervisor and his colleagues, and access and participation in the decision information.
4. E-book e-Book
The book opens like a book, but it is not printed on paper and it is opened in a simplified manner, appears on the side of the screen the contents of each part of the book, and the reader
- Then - unless she is asked what he wants to see the issues whatever the size of the book. Most importantly, the e-book characterizes its small size and capacity that could reach encyclopedias capacity, and can search for any word or topic in just a few seconds, and it is very simple design and the reader can turn the pages one by one:
It is characteristic of this type of books:
1. The cost of the lack of published electronically printed.
2. shorten the time and easily search for specific information.
3. In addition to the interactive self-publishing.
4. Provide space and the preservation of the environment.
5. video conferencing video Conferencing
Is this technique in the transfer of voice and image speaker or speakers via the media technological opportunities provide a process of learning and distance education without regard to geographical boundaries, it helps to achieve the so-called educated Aketronacconnea effective ways, and the transfer of information, discuss and interact with them easily and quickly.
6. audio conferences Audio Teleconferencing
This technique is the use of a standard telephone connection with several phone lines working to connect the academic supervisor (teacher) learners in different and distant places for his whereabouts. This technique is characterized by the creation of the interaction between the two parties through phone calls, which reduces the learner awkward and shy when talking with the school.
